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Gawain (opera)
''Gawain'' is an opera with music by Harrison Birtwistle to a libretto by David Harsent. The story is based on the Middle English romance ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight''. The opera was a commission from the Royal Opera House, London, where it was first performed on 30 May 1991.〔Bye, Antony, "Birtwistle's ''Gawain''" (May 1991). ''The Musical Times'', 132 (1779): pp. 231, 233.〕〔Samuels, Robert, "First Performances: Birtwistle's ''Gawain''" (September 1991). ''Tempo'' (New Ser.), 178: pp. 32-33.〕 Rhian Samuel has published a detailed analysis of the opera.〔Samuel. Rhian, "Birtwistle's ''Gawain'': An Essay and a Diary" (July 1992). ''Cambridge Opera Journal'', 4 (2): pp. 163-178.〕 Birtwistle revised it in 1994, and the premiere of the revised version was given at the Royal Opera House on 20 April 1994.〔Adlington, Robert, "Birtwistle: ''Gawain''" (1994). ''The Musical Times'', 135 (1817): p. 463.〕
==Music==
The plot of ''Gawain'' is ideally suited to Birtwistle's approach to musical structure. The repetitious structure of events can be paralleled with a repetitious musical structure. Thus the three hunts in Act 2 use the same musical material, as do the three seductions. The music is varied and adapted every time it is heard, but inner coherence is easily established. The synopsis also indicates many points where recurring motifs are heard: trios of door knocks; the return to the Arthurian court at the end of the opera with the same mood of boredom seen at the beginning; the members of the court gradually recovering from Gawain the items they gave him at the end of act 1. Thus, though the opera is not written with many explicit numbers (i.e. the arias and ensemble pieces characteristic of Classical opera), nor with strongly defined leitmotif in the style of Wagner, there is an overall unity of musical material. There are many occasions when one character will simply repeat one line of text always set it to the same melodic phrase, but this is not the same as using a leitmotif. It does, however, fit well with Birtwistle's standard style of continual variation in the midst of repetition.
The conductor Elgar Howarth has arranged the orchestral suite ''Gawain's Journey'' from music in the opera.〔Warnaby, John, "Birtwistle at Full Blast" (September 1993). ''Tempo'' (New Ser.), 186: pp. 54-56.〕
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